M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mphamvu ya haidrojeni yabwereranso kukhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri mu gawo latsopano la mphamvu. Makampani opanga haidrojeni atchulidwa momveka bwino ngati amodzi mwa mafakitale ofunikira kwambiri pakukula, pamodzi ndi magawo monga zipangizo zatsopano ndi mankhwala atsopano. Malipoti akugogomezera kufunika kokulitsa mwachangu injini zatsopano zokulira, kuphatikizapo kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe, ndege zamalonda, ndi chuma chapansi, pomwe akuika patsogolo kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha makampani opanga haidrojeni koyamba. Izi zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya haidrojeni.
Pakadali pano, kupanga kwa haidrojeni pogwiritsa ntchito malasha ndiko kukutsogolera mu kapangidwe kake ka zinthu, komwe ndi 64%, kutsatiridwa ndi haidrojeni yochokera ku mafakitale (21%), haidrojeni yochokera ku gasi lachilengedwe (14%), ndi njira zina (1%). Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kupanga kwa haidrojeni pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangidwa ndi zinthu zakale kuli ndi mphamvu pa 99%, pomwe "hydrogen wobiriwira" wopangidwa ndi electrolysis ndi njira zina sizili bwino. Chifukwa chake, malo odzaza mafuta a haidrojeni omwe alipo pano amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi zoyendetsera kupanga ndi kusunga ndi mayendedwe: Makampani opanga mafuta m'madera akutali amapanga haidrojeni kuchokera ku mafuta opangidwa ndi zinthu zakale, amakanikiza haidrojeni yotsika (nthawi zambiri ~1.5MPa) mpaka ~20MPa pogwiritsa ntchito ma compressor, ndikuisunga m'ma trailer a machubu a 22MPa. Kenako haidrojeni imasamutsidwa kupita kumalo odzaza mafuta, komwe imapitsidwanso ku 45MPa yamagalimoto amafuta. Mtundu wogawanikawu umawonjezera ndalama zoyendera, ndalama zogulira zida, komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, pomwe umakhalabe woletsedwa ndi kupanga "hydrogen imvi" yochokera ku mafuta opangidwa ndi zinthu zakale.
Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo, haidrojeni imayikidwa m'gulu la mankhwala oopsa omwe amatha kuyaka komanso kuphulika. Chifukwa chake, mapulojekiti opanga haidrojeni nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo osungira mankhwala akutali omwe ali ndi zofunikira zotetezeka komanso zachilengedwe.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa electrolysis, mtengo wopanga hydrogen wobiriwira ukuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, mfundo zachilengedwe monga "kuchuluka kwa kaboni ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni" zikuyendetsa hydrogen wobiriwira kukhala njira yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mphamvu zamagetsi mtsogolo. International Energy Agency ikuneneratu kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, ukadaulo wa hydrogen wotsika wa kaboni monga electrolysis udzawerengera 14% ya msika wa hydrogen, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a malo odzaza mafuta. Kupanga kochokera ku electrolysis, komwe kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta kupeza, kumathandiza kupanga hydrogen kupitirira malo osungiramo mankhwala achikhalidwe. Kukanikiza mwachindunji hydrogen yopangidwa pamalopo kuti iwonjezere mafuta pamagalimoto kumachotsa mayendedwe ataliatali komanso kukanikiza kwachiwiri, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama komanso nthawi.
Kuti agwirizane ndi unyolo waukulu wa hydrogen womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuta achilengedwe, mitundu iwiri ya ma compressor a diaphragm ikutsogolera pamsika: 1) Mayunitsi odzaza hydrogen okhala ndi mphamvu ya ~1.5MPa yolowera ndi mphamvu ya 20-22MPa yotulutsira; 2) Ma compressor a malo odzaza mafuta okhala ndi mphamvu ya 5-20MPa yolowera ndi mphamvu ya 45MPa yotulutsira. Komabe, njira iyi ya magawo awiri imafuna kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mayunitsi onse awiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya silinda yosungira hydrogen ikatsika pansi pa 5MPa, ma compressor odzaza mafuta sagwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa hydrogen kugwiritsidwe ntchito kukhale kochepa.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, malo ophatikizira mafuta opangira haidrojeni amasonyeza kuti ndi abwino kwambiri. Mu chitsanzo ichi, haidrojeni kuchokera ku electrolysis imatha kupanikizika mwachindunji kuchokera ku ~1.5MPa mpaka 45MPa pogwiritsa ntchito chida chimodzi choyezera mpweya, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthawi. Kutsika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (1.5MPa vs. 5MPa) kumathandiziranso kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni.
Pamene ukadaulo wa electrolysis ukupita patsogolo, malo ophatikizira a hydrogen akuyembekezeka kutchuka kwambiri, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti msika ufune ma compressor a diaphragm a 1.5MPa-to-45MPa. Kampani yathu ili ndi luso lopanga komanso kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti ipereke mayankho okonzedwa bwino pankhaniyi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa hydrogen wobiriwira, malo ophatikizana akuyembekezeka kuchuluka, kukulitsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ma compressor a diaphragm komanso zinthu zathu, pomwe akupereka mayankho atsopano owonjezera mafuta.
Komabe, pali mavuto omwe akupitilizabe pakupanga malo ophatikizira hydrogen ndi ma compressor ogwirizana nawo, kuphatikizapo mtengo wokwera wa electrolysis, kugawa mankhwala oopsa a hydrogen m'magulu, komanso zomangamanga zosakwanira za hydrogen. Kuthetsa mavutowa moyenera kudzakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo machitidwe ophatikizana a hydrogen energy.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-27-2025